Is Phonemic Awareness Training Necessary in Second Language Literacy Development? Is it Even Useful?

نویسندگان

  • Stephen Krashen
  • Ashley Hastings
چکیده

The results of two kinds of studies show PA develops on its own in first language development, without instruction: (1) children in comparison groups in PA training studies, who get no PA training, typically improve in PA (Ehri, Nunes, Willows, Schuster, Yaghoub-Zadehm and Shanahan, 2001, p. 276); (2) longitudinal studies show that nearly all children score very well on tests of PA by about grade 3 (see e.g. Fox and Routh, 1975). Very few have had PA training.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013